Parasites: This is the name of one of the most common groups of infectious diseases.Today, about 300 parasites are known, which are a danger to humans, including a fatal.In the territory of the European continent, these are only a few dozen parasites (medical name - Helmintias, Helmintica invasion).
Most relevant parasites for humans are common in countries with tropical and subtropical climate, as well as a low level of socioeconomic development and health culture.
What are the dangerous parasites?
Parasites in the human body can affect almost any organ system.The degree of damage depends on the type of Helmint, the duration of the disease, the initial state of health.The sooner the diagnosis of specific helmi -invasion is established, the more possibilities of rapidly getting rid of the parasite.That is why it is important to timely diagnose the status of invasion with parasites and perform all stages of treatment.
Almost any variant of Helmintiasis, especially for a long time, causes significant damage to the human body.Hlybon invasion is the reason for the delay in psychomotor development in children of any age, significantly reduces performance and life reserves in an adult.
Regardless of the age of a person, the helmi -invasion contributes to allergy, reduces the ability of the immune system to resist infectious and others, in addition, the effectiveness of the prophylaxis of the ongoing vaccine is significantly reduced.
The cleaning of the body of parasites in rare cases occurs spontaneously, in most cases, a specific treatment is necessary for this according to a certain scheme.
What are parasites?
Parasites (are also worms or worms) are an extensive group of complex complex multicellular organisms that can exist for a long time in an active state in various conditions.An important characteristic is the ability to exist within another living organism (person or animal), which is called "invasion."
Currently, several types of parasites are known in the human body.The most common classification of parasites depending on their external structure and the characteristics of the life cycle.
Given the biological characteristics, all parasites are divided into 3 big classes:
- Round worms (they are also nematodes), for example, trichinella, anquilostoma, pin, ascaris;
- The tape worms (they are also cestodes), for example, alveococcus, echinococcus, tape wide, tull -clinic tapeen, pork and dwarf;
- Supers (they are also tremontodes), for example, Opistorch, Fasciol, Clonorch.
In addition, like many other diseases, parasitic diseases differ:
- by gravity;
- By the main syndrome, that is, which organ system is damaged to a greater extent;
- for the presence and nature of complications;
- For the possible result of the disease.
Characteristics of parasites
Development stage
Parasitic diseases are characterized by a series of differences associated with the characteristics of parasites and their life cycle.
The number of adult parasites in the human body does not increase, provided there is no new infection.For the implementation of the life cycle, most parasites require a change of habitat (animal body, soil, etc.).
For any parasite, the stages of development are typical.Throughout the life cycle, Helminth passes a series of constantly changing development stages.As a general rule, the parasite egg is transformed into a larva and more into an adult individual.Inverse development does not happen, the egg cannot immediately go to the stage of an adult.
The parasite penetrates the human body in a stage of its life cycle and goes to another.It is with this moment that the non -treatment of people of human parasitic diseases is associated.That is, it is impossible to infect with most parasitic diseases in direct contact with an infected person.
Possible penetration paths in the human body
With many types of parasites, a person can be found anywhere: it is not visible to the naked eye.It is very likely that the following options:
- The oral path, that is, with non -complement with personal hygiene, the use of dirty or thermally unprocessed products;
- The percutaneous path, that is, the larvae or adults of parasites penetrate the human body through the damage to the skin, when contacting water or soil, with the participation of bloodstream insects.
Most of the parasites that affect the human body live in it only in the adult stage, mainly within the digestive tract.These are the qualified intestinal parasites (helminths).They, in turn, are divided into 2 groups according to some characteristics.
The intestinal parasites of the first group enter the human body in the form of egg.In the digestive tract, they transform into an adult individual.The movements of such parasites (pinewones, a wide tape, tapegurt and bull) are limited only by different departments of the digestive tract.
The representatives of the second group (their larvae or eggs) work significantly longer and complex migration according to several tissues and organs of the human body.Only after that an adult individual from the parasite was formed.It is clear that the symptoms of such parasitic diseases are much more diverse, since the migration process is associated with significant changes in the body.
The parasites that in the stage of an adult or larvae are outside the digestive tract are called tissue.If there is a parasite in the human body only in the stage of the larvae, then a person for him is a sincere ecological alley, that the helma cannot leave.
Characteristics of the parasites life cycle
To know how to get rid of parasites in the body, it is necessary to represent their life cycle in general terms.This knowledge also helps prevent parasites from entering the human body.
According to the characteristics of the life cycle, all parasites are divided into:
- geographical parasites;
- Contagious helminthosh;
- Bio Helmintiasis.
To implement the life cycle of geographical parasites (Vlasov, a non -run), it is necessary that the eggs be a certain period of time in the soil.In the future, with direct contact with the dirty soil, the use of insufficient vegetables, through dirty hands, the parasites penetrate the human body.
In contagioastic parasites (pinews, dwarf tabbells), all stages of development occur only in the human body, without a change in the environment.Only these types of parasitic diseases are transmitted directly from person to person.It is also possible, especially in childhood, cases of re -auto -Generation, that is, of yourself in case of not complementing with hygiene rules and skills.
The most complex life cycle in SO's biogelmintosis.A previous requirement for the implementation of its life cycle is the presence of an intermediate host.A person can be an intermediate or final teacher.For example, with equinococosis, a person is an intermediate guest, and dogs and cats are final.In the case of a tusherinosis, on the contrary, the representatives of the cattle are intermediate guests, and a person is definitive.
Parasites symptoms
The clinical signs of parasites, on the one hand, are determined by the predominant damage to a particular organ, on the other hand, they have general characteristics that allow us to distinguish an acute and chronic stage from a parasitic disease.
The acute phase of a parasitic disease corresponds to the migration stage of developing helminths.It is manifested by clinical signs such as allergic and general toxic reactions (ascariasis, schistosomosis, fasciolesis, trichinelosis).
The immune component has a significant weight in the development of the acute phase of parasitosis, forms a certain stereotype of the clinical image and some similarities with other immunological reactions of a non -infectious nature: allergic dermatitis and others.
The hidden period with most parasitosis is several weeks, is reduced to 7-10 days with a massive infection version and lengthens with bad intensity.
The main symptoms of parasitic diseases are the following:
- Increased body temperature, from subfebril to very high;
- pain in muscles and joints, various durations and intensity;
- The formation of an eruption on the entire surface of the skin, different in size and intensity, accompanied by itching in the skin;
- Significant edema of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, less frequently mucous membranes;The most typical of trichinelosis, which gave the disease a characteristic popular name "swollen";
- The development of pulmonary syndrome, namely nightlife, astmitid states, pneumonia formation with a migratory damage approach;
- the development of abdominal syndrome, which is characterized by moderate abdominal pain, liquid feces without impurity of mucus and blood;
- In severe cases, damage to the central and heart nervous system is observed;
- A distinctive characteristic of Helmintiasis are changes in peripheral blood: pronounced leukocytosis and significant eosinophilia (up to 30-40%).
In the treatment in the stage of the acute phase of the medications of parasites in the human body, the most effective.
In the stage of the chronic phase of parasitic diseases, the harmful effect is determined by the type of adult parasite.The adverse effect on the human body is associated:
- greater toxic and less allergic effects;
- mechanical damage to tissues in the parasitization zone (for example, hepatic equinococosis);
- the absorption of nutrients, a violation of metabolic processes, the development of anemia and cocaxia;
- severe anemia;
- greater irritability and excitability of a person;
- It is possible to join secondary infection and dysbiosis, the weight of the course of other infectious and non -infectious diseases, as well as pregnancy.
The duration of the existence of individual parasites is different, from several days and weeks (cutters) to many years.After a parasitic disease, reinfection is possible, since immunity is not formed.Therefore, cleaning a time of the body of parasites does not protect against a repeated episode of the disease.
Parasites treatment
The classical pharmacological therapy of parasitosis in the present has achieved significant success.The introduction to the clinical practice of bencimidazole and Imidazol compounds made it possible to successfully treat many types of helminthia.
These medications have a broad spectrum of exposure, small toxide with a brief treatment course, for adults and children, are convenient to use.The corresponding age of the dose of medicines should be observed.
How to clean the body of a specific parasite, what a treatment regime to choose and what medicine the doctor decides.It is not recommended to prevent helminthiasis in personal initiative, as medication addiction develops, that is, a decrease in its effect.
Parasites cleaning
With parasitosis, treatment with popular remedies is no less popular than the means of traditional medicine.Supporters of natural tools for parasitic diseases focus on the security and universality of said therapy.There is a lot of prescription of traditional medicine, which allows you to face parasites in the human body.The following options to eliminate parasites in the human body are more famous:
- Coriander and pumpkin seeds as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for parasites;
- alcohol tincture in the quarry combined with white fungi;
- a decoction of pine cones;
- Green nut tincture.
Any popular remedy for parasites must be done in accordance with the recipe and clean hands.Before choosing a particular recipe, it is important to ensure that a person does not have allergy to the ingredients that are part of the medication.
How to protect from parasites
It is easy and difficult at the same time.Several simple rules will help minimize the risk of infection with any parasite:
- wash thoroughly;
- the correct habit of using an individual set of dishes;
- Thoroughly process any meat and thermally fish, with caution, use dry and salted people of fish and meat;
- treat vegetables and fruits with boiling water (after washing in running water);
- Always wash your hands with soap after communicating with animals (even domestic).
Parasitic infection at any age is an unpleasant problem, but completely eliminates early treatment.